Friday, May 31, 2019

Poverty in Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck :: Grapes of Wrath Essays

Throughout history, less fortunate people have been set apart or shunned from the general public. In the Grapes of Wrath, by John Steinbeck, this statement holds true. Throughout the whole book, all of the less fortunate people are treated like they arent even human. This is not much different than how our society is now. In the news article Major Cities Get Tough With Homeless, by Angie Cannon, Judy Appel said, We are maxim it is your fault that we have created a structure where there arent enough jobs and housing for you to lead a decent life. (Cannon 1) Appel is verbal expression the same thing Steinbeck was saying in his book. Many homeless people are homeless because they were forced to be that way, and the general public doesnt realize it. In the Grapes of Wrath, and in the march conviction, the general public has set the less fortunate apart from themselves without even realizing it. Im seeing more apathy on the part of people. I think people used to feel badly. And now, I think people feel bothered. Thats a dangerous shift. (Cannon 1) What she means is that at one degree in time we used to care for the homeless. We used to try and help them out. Now we dont care and we just want to hitch justify of them. This is very similar to the situation in the Grapes of Wrath. At first they wanted thousands of people to keep an eye on and work, but when they actually started coming, the general public wanted to get rid of them. And the men of the towns and of the soft suburban county gathered to defend themselves and the reassured themselves that they were good and the invaders were bad, as a man must do before he fights. They said, these Okies are dirty and ignorant. Theyre degenerate sexual maniacs. These Okies are thieves. Theyll steal anything. Theyve got no sense of property rights. (G.O.W. 363) This was the general publics feeling towards the Okies, even though they asked them to come there in the first place. What the people dont understand is that th e Okies are being forced to steal and the general public is the one who is forcing them. In the Grapes of Wrath, and in the present time we, the general public have shunned the less fortunate. It isnt that we want them to be poor, but we have a hard time fitting in with them.

Thursday, May 30, 2019

The High School Band Room :: Descriptive Essay About A Place

The High work Band Room It is impossible to fully comprehend the magic spell to the Gulf Coast High School Band Room unless you are actually a member of the roundabout. All members of the Gulf Coast High School marching band spend the majority of their date in the band way of life, which is like a second home for most. The elbow room itself does not appear to be anything special. It is a large room with a high ceiling, bright fluorescent lighting, and pink and green padding on the walls. The hallway maintains a terrible smelling which nobody set up quite determine the source of, and the white, vinyl tile floor is covered in a layer of disgusting things one can only dream of. Still, for some reason it remains a haven to about twelve percent of the student body. At first glance, it does not savor like anything special, but when you open that big, gray door and step into the band world it becomes clear that it really is an amazing and wonderful place. It feels like the center o f the universe.In the band room, everybody has a purpose and everybody has a group of friends who are ever there when they are needed. The whole band already spends a lot of time in the band room due to the busy schedule of practices, classes, football games, and band trips, so it quickly becomes a familiar location for all band members. So much time is spent in the band room after school that nobody even equates band with school anymore. The band room is often the place where people take refuge when school gets to be too much for them. eitherone knows what to expect from the band room. It is the one thing that never changes. Every day there is always someone playing music on the stereo system, someone practicing, someone making people laugh, someone complaining, and someone studying. It is always the same thing. When you cannot depend on consistency anywhere else, you can always depend on it in the band room.Another aspect of the band room that lures people in is comedy. There is always something entertaining going on. Imagine a place where nobody is worried about what other people think. first gear impressions dont matter in the band room. Everyone is free to be themselves, and when people are themselves it gets interesting. The band room is my favorite place in Naples because, as a member of the band, I have spent a great deal of my spare time there, and it is the location I associate with all of my friends.

Wednesday, May 29, 2019

Comparing Marlow of Heart of Darkness and Willard of Apocalypse Now Ess

Comparing Marlow of Heart of Darkness and Willard of Apocalypse Now Whenever books are adapted for film, changes inevitably have to be made. The medium of film offers several advantages and disadvantages everyplace the book it is not as adept at exploring the inner workings of people - it cannot explore their minds so easily however, the added visual and audio capabilities of film discourteous whole new areas of the imagination which, in the hands of a competent writer-director, can more than compensate. Heart of Darkness relies heavily on lengthy philosophical and expository passages, as well as some very unusual and complex imagery not the easiest material to rescript as a screenplay (Canby, 18). However, rewrite it Francis Ford Coppola did, altering the time and place of the novel from 19th century Congo to 20th century Vietnam. Coppola made an original film, with concepts and ideas taken from Heart of Darkness, preferably than making a straight film version of the book. Con sequently, there are many similarities and differences between the film and the book. The quotation of Marlow is renamed Willard in Apocalypse Now. This is noteworthy the character of Kurtz has the same name in both the text and the film, so why not Marlow? This is probably because the character of Kurtz in the film is almost identical to that in the book, whereas Willard is very different from Marlow (Benner, 34). Kurtz is the person who has disconnected himself from society he is not tied to any particular era, so his character works just as effectively in the 20th century as in the 19th. However, Marlow is the ordinary person in Heart of Darkness - the one ordinary man in the entire book, more-or-less he is what ties the book into the society of ... ...tif/Symbol/Metaphor http//164.116.90.3/public/jarvinen/an.html (accessed 23 Jan. 2000). Benner, Ralph Heart of Darkness A film review by Ralph Benner http//uk.imdb.com/Reviews/57/5777 created 1996 (accessed 26 Jan. 2000). Canby , Vincent. Apocalypse Now. The New York Times Film Reviews. New York The New York Times & Arno Press, 1981. Conrad, Joseph. Heart of Darkness & The Secret Sharer. New York Penguin Books, 1978. Fortmeyer, Russell. Apocalypse cast filled with petulance http//collegian.ksu.edu/issues/v099B/fa/n022/a-e-apocalypse-fortmeyer.html created 1994 (accessed 23 Jan. 2000). Heart of Darkness Theme/Symbol/Allusion/Foreshadow http//164.116.90.3/public/jarvinen/hod.html (accessed 23 Jan. 2000). Urch, Martin. Apocalypse Now A film review by Martin Urch http//us.imdb.com/Reviews/30/3030 created 1994 (accessed 23 Jan. 2000).

Tennessee Williams: Author and Playwright :: Biography Biographies Essays

Tennessee Williams Author and Playwright doubting Thomas Lanier Williams was born on March 26th, 1911 in Columbus, Mississippi. Williams wrote fiction and motion picture screenplays but is primarily acclaimed for his plays. Thomas was the root son and second child of Cornelius Coffin and Edwina Dakin Williams. He was named after his paternal grandfather and insisted to be called Tom by the age of ten. His siblings include an honest-to-goodness sister named Rose and a younger brother named Dakin. Williams spent a great deal of time with his sister Rose because she was not in truth stable, emotionally or mentally. Daryl E. Haley once said that Rose was emotionally disturbed and destined to spend most of her life in mental institutions. Tom was primarily raise by his mother because his father was a traveling shoe salesman. Edwina Dakin Williams was the daughter of a minister and very everywhere evasive of Thomas. She began to be over protective after he caught Diphtheria when he was five years old. His mother was also an aggressive woman caught up in her fantasies of genteel southern living. Amanda Wingfield, a instance in his play The Glass Menagerie, was modeled after Williams mother. Cornelius Coffin Williams, Toms father, spent most of his time on the road. Cornelius came from a very prestigious family that included Mississippis very first governor and senator. Mr. Haley also states that Toms father was at turns distant and abusive, that is, when he was actually around. Toms father also repeatedly favored his younger brother Dakin over both of his older children. Big Daddy, in Toms play Cat on a Hot Tin Roof, is modeled after his father. Thomas once said, in reference to his parents relationship, It was just a wrong marriage. From 1923 to 1926 Thomas attended Ben Blewette Junior High, and was at this time that some of his first stories were promulgated in a local newspaper. Thomas Williams lived in Clarksdale, Mississippi for several years before mov ing to St. Louis in 1918 at the age of seven. At age sixteen Tom had his first brush with the publishing world when he won third place for his essay Can a devout Wife Be a Good Sport?. Besides winning third place, he also got five dollars from this National Essay Contest. In 1927, also at age sixteen, he published The Vengeance of Nitocris. In the fall of 1929 he attended the University of Missouri to study journalism.

Tuesday, May 28, 2019

Eating Disorders: Their Dark Sides :: essays research papers fc

"Anorexia nervosa is an eating disorder on an overwhelming dread of becoming fat. The result of this unfounded tutelage is self-starvation and major weight loss. In addition, the undernourishment may cause hormonal disturbances, anemia, heart problems, brittle bones and many other problems, some of which are unsafe ("Anorexia Nervosa," 1). Bulimia is an eating disorder that is psychological in origin and can have dire physical consequences. While anorexics starve themselves, bulimics binge on viands and then purge by self-induced vomiting. Bulimics similarly frequently use diet pills, laxatives, and diuretics to reduce their weight. The purging may serve two purposes preventing weight gain and also temporarily relieving depression and other negative feelings ("Bulimia," 1)." These eating disorders are a major issue in society today due to societys stereotypical view of women and young teenage girls, in, but many cases men are affected too.First, an eating disorder is an illness that affects several of the United States universe because society has driven many people to be self-conscience about their appearance. For example, eight million people in the United States misplace from eating disorders ("The Secret actors line of Eating Disorders," 1). Furthermore, 3% of all young women suffer from anorexia and 3-4% suffer from bulimia ("The Secret Language of Eating Disorders," 1). This proves that many women and teenage girls are affected because many are afraid of becoming fat and "unacceptable" to societys view on women in general. In addition, 1% of boys and young men suffer from eating disorders, and their cases are becoming more common ("The Secret Language of Eating Disorders," 1). Also, it is a disorder that crosses racial and economical lines, those who succumb to compulsive sharp-set or binge eating are males (Lang, 1). This shows that todays society has also affected mens stereo-typical view o f their appearance and weight. Thus, eating disorders not only affect women, they also affect men, in which we are seeing more cases of every day.Second, victims of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have many warning signs which help people notice the signs of these eating disorders. For instance, anorexia nervosa has the following symptoms significant weight loss, excessive dieting and exercising, and constipation ("Anorexia Nervosa", 2). Also, bulimia nervosa has the following symptoms makes excuses to go to the whoremaster after meals, and eats large amounts of food on the spur of the moment ("Bulimia Nervosa", 2).

Eating Disorders: Their Dark Sides :: essays research papers fc

"Anorexia nervosa is an consume disorder on an overwhelming dread of becoming fat. The result of this raving mad fear is self-starvation and major weight loss. In addition, the undernourish manpowert may cause hormonal disturbances, anemia, heart problems, brittle bones and many other problems, some of which be life-threatening ("Anorexia Nervosa," 1). Bulimia is an eating disorder that is psychological in origin and can study dire physical consequences. While anorexics starve themselves, bulimics binge on food and then purge by self-induced vomiting. Bulimics also frequently use diet pills, laxatives, and diuretics to reduce their weight. The purging may serve two purposes preventing weight recognize and also temporarily relieving depression and other negative feelings ("Bulimia," 1)." These eating disorders are a major issue in golf-club today due to societys stereotypical view of women and young teenage girls, in, but many cases men are touch on too .First, an eating disorder is an illness that affects several of the get together States population because society has driven many people to be self-conscience about their appearance. For example, eight million people in the United States suffer from eating disorders ("The deep Language of Eating Disorders," 1). Furthermore, 3% of all young women suffer from anorexia and 3-4% suffer from bulimia ("The Secret Language of Eating Disorders," 1). This proves that many women and teenage girls are affected because many are afraid of becoming fat and "unacceptable" to societys view on women in general. In addition, 1% of boys and young men suffer from eating disorders, and their cases are becoming more common ("The Secret Language of Eating Disorders," 1). Also, it is a disorder that crosses racial and economical lines, those who succumb to determined starving or binge eating are males (Lang, 1). This shows that todays society has also affected mens stere o-typical view of their appearance and weight. Thus, eating disorders not only affect women, they also affect men, in which we are seeing more cases of every day.Second, victims of eating disorders such as anorexia and bulimia have many warning signs which help people notice the signs of these eating disorders. For instance, anorexia nervosa has the following symptoms significant weight loss, excessive dieting and exercising, and constipation ("Anorexia Nervosa", 2). Also, bulimia nervosa has the following symptoms makes excuses to go to the bathroom after meals, and eats large amounts of food on the spur of the moment ("Bulimia Nervosa", 2).

Monday, May 27, 2019

Trials and Tribulations in James 1:12-18

Trials and Tribulations in jam 12-18 The Epistle of crowd is one of the books of the New Testament that wrap ups with the Christian character and how to adopt with daily Christian liveliness. The author of James identifies himself in the opening verse as James, a servant of divinity and of the Lord Jesus Christ. numerous speculated that the author was the attributed to the apostle James, br different of John and the son of Zebedee. The text refers to present persecutions and the time of writing is consistent with the persecution in Jerusalem during which the apostle James was martyred and put to death by Herod (Acts 12).There check offms to be evidence that the author was the other James, the son of Alpheus and the half-brother of Christ. He was also one of the twelve apostles. I leave behind in this piece of music attempt to expound on the examinations and tribulations in James 1 2-18. After research and study, I collapse found that in the first eighteen verses James is teaching Christians how to conduct themselves when under the cross. He is giving comfort to Christians who atomic number 18 under the oppression of temptation and trials. He pronounces that blessings and rewards are assured to those who endure their trials and afflictions as the walk byout this Christian life.James also points out that totally of those sins that bring hurts and the temptations that men endure are non created by god. graven image squirt non be the author of sin he is the author of all that is good. James is allowing us to understand in these verses that we will endure trials and we will endure tribulations. As Christians our trials and tribulations whole works for a purpose and not just as a punishment in our life. This concept should help us even today to know that our suffering is purposeful and that matinee idol rewards us for bearing our own cross as Christ bears his cross. As we break down these verses allow us look at who James was writing to.This wi ll expire us an understanding of the message. In the first verse James mentions the condition of those to whom he writes The twelve tribes which are scattered abroad. The greatest part of, ten of the twelve tribes, were lost in captivity but yet some of every tribe were preserved and they are distillery honored with the ancient style of twelve tribes. These however were scattered and dispersed. They were dispersed in mercy. Having the scriptures of the Old Testament, the providence of God so coiffureed it that they were scattered in several countries for the diffusing of the light of divine revelation.They began now to be scattered in wrath. The Jewish nation was crumbling into parties and factions, and many were forced to leave their own country. eventide good wad among them shared in the common calamity. These Jews of the dispersion were those who had thrustd the Christian religion. They were persecuted and forced to seek for shelter in other countries, the Gentiles being more than gentle to Christians than the Jews were. Now let us breakdown each verse from verse 2 done 18. The all overall breakdown of verse 2 through 12 shows us the suffering of the Christians in this homo is that of an instructive manner.As we passel see from the original Greek language, that James uses imperative commands that is illustrated through this Epistle. James is implying that troubles and afflictions whitethorn be the provide of being senesce Christians, even those Christians who exact been serving well and being faithful unto the Lord. The devil embodies faithful Christians in trials and tribulations in post to act separation between Christians and God. The devil expects that temptations and trials will result in sin which will cause further separation from God.It is the duty of Satan to cause doubt in the mind of the Christian so that they will believe that God is incapable of delivering us from those situations. James is instructing us not to look at our t rials and tribulations as hopeless but hopeful because we know that we are fulfilling a greater purpose by enduring those trials and tribulations in our life. As we, as Christians, go through our storms in our life it causes us to understand and gain a greater trust in the Lord because we are yet spared by his mildness and we are made advocates of his mercy.The twelve tribes that James is writing to set out been dispersed from their land and are going through difficult hardships and persecution. James is reassuring them not to give up but to rejoice because their persecutions and hardships are working a greater purpose in their lives. These temptations, as James points out, are divers temptations. The news program divers, in the Greek, means that it is varied or of different kinds. James lets us know that the temptations that you may endure, the afflictions you may endure, will be of different nature, stature, sizing and makeup.They may be more than one or more of the same. Since our trials may be of many and different kinds we have to put on the Armor of God as Paul states in Galatians. In the second verse of James he tells us to Count it all joy, when ye fall into divers temptations. In order for us to count in all joy we must not fall into a pitiful state of mind which would make us unprotected while we are in our trials. The humanity would have you to believe that you should just throw in the towel when you have endured pain and suffering. The world is not located up as a vehicle for aggrandize.When is despair, the world presses down even further in order that hope is a mere distant head. The world would have you to believe that weakness is a disease that should be cured. But God lets us know that we should not be conformed to the world or that of the world but we should live knowing that He is there for us. In the third verse, James says that when you endure your trials and tribulations you must know that the testing of your faith larns patience. In other translations it mentions that the testing of your faith produces endurance or perseverance.The word produces lets us know that it is brought forth or manufactured. James is say that every time your faith is well-tried it will cause you to increase your patience, endurance or perseverance. The faith that is spoken of here as tried by afflictions consists in a belief of the power, and word, and anticipate of God. Many readers of the New Testament feel as though Paul and James contradict each other on the issue of faith. They have divergences in the emphasis on faith but the fundamentals are the same. Both Paul and James agree that both faith and works are infixed parts of the Christian life.They each have different roles. They also agree that salvation comes from God and it is not based on works. We cannot do anything to earn salvation. The difference is that Paul and James are writing to different audiences so their letters have different interpretations. Paul call f or to deal with the fact that people model that Gentiles needed to be circumcised and adhere to other works of the law in order to be converted to Christianity. James on the other hand had to deal with the fact that people thought the faith in God is enough for salvation and he wanted to stress that we have to put that aith into action. As Christians, we have to possess patience, endurance and perseverance. Too often we believe that those adjectives are not popular in our daily lives. Once over again, as Christians, subscribe to the concept that we have to humble ourselves and not allow pride to be visible in our lives. When we are tried, we are tried of our grace but that trying of our grace produces another(prenominal) grace that we give. Christian patience is an active process in the life of the believer. That patience should outweigh our passion.We should not allow the indulging of our passions to hinder the operation and make of patience. When we allow patience, endurance an d perseverance to have its finished work, we train ourselves to increase our handling of future situations. As a football player I can remember in practice running plays over and over again. My coach said that we will run the play until it is absolute. As the coach, his job was to prepare us for the battle, team vs. team. He was perfecting us so that when we get into the battle we can execute without having to think about the fundamentals.When we go through the testing of our faith, it is allowing us to mature and grow our faith so that the more we are tested the better we should be able to handle the situation. When we bear all that God appoints, and as presbyopic as he appoints, and with a humble obedient eye to him, and when we not hardly bear troubles, but rejoice in them, then patience hath its perfect work. After the work of patience is complete is will allow the Christian to want for nothing. The Christian will be endure and possess all that is needed to get through and p ersevere through the end.In verse 5 James tells us that if we lack wisdom all we have to do is accept God and He will give it to us liberally and generously. When the child of God has to endure trials and tribulations they do not have to endure it alone or confused. James imperatively tells us that we can ask God for the wisdom to understand what we are going through and why we are going through it. Like the Christians in James time they had the opportunity to ask God for the wisdom that they lacked. This was different because before Christ they did not have direct admission price unto God.Because of Christ we now have direct access unto the father and now we can go to God and ask Him for the things that we lack. The key is that we ask for the understanding and not ask for the removal. Like Paul states in 2 Corinthians 129-10, he had a thorn in the flesh and he did ask God to mop up it but Gods answer to him was that he wasnt going to remove it but He will supply Paul with enough grace to see him through his thorn. In this way we dont have to solely desire to be delivered, we can embrace our presence in the trial and tribulation which gives us a greater understanding of the purpose of God in our lives.I believe that going through the storms and coming out of the storms gives us a better advantage in our Christian walk than if we just went in our storms and was pulled out immediately. God does not want to keep anything from us. He will reveal to us the Mystery of the Kingdom of God. This word mystery is not our human interpretation of the word but divinely it is what is not cognize but will be revealed. If you ask God for understanding he will give it to you without reproach. God doesnt get tired of us intercommunicate nor does he limit us to our asking.I can see how we as humans can get irritated at children who continuously ask over and over for things. God is the opposite. He wants us to ask and be totally dependent on Him. As we look at verse 6, James lets us know that there is a requirement to us asking God for wisdom. He states that we have to ask God in faith and not brandishr. This is faultfinding in our overture to God for wisdom. The children of Israel went back and forth with God, in one example they believe after God has done something for them, in the next instance they are doubting God and worshipping other idols.The children of Israel exemplified a hesitation attitude. This is critical for us today. James is once again imperatively telling us that when you approach God you must have faith in God and have faith in the wisdom that God will provide through the trials and tribulations. James is telling us that as a Christian when we approach and pray to God for wisdom we have to know beyond a shadow of a doubt that God has the power to do whatever He wants to do and we must not waver in Gods word. The additional idea of that verse is that a man that wavereth is like a wave of the sea that the wind will toss to and fro .As Christians we cannot be like a wave from the sea that depending on which way the wind blows that is the way we go. James gives us more insight on the path of the man who is wavering in his faith unto the Lord. James lets us know that the man that wavereth will receive nothing from the Lord because a double minded man is unstable in all his ways. This is crucial because the proclamation is that the man is unstable in all aspects of his life. If you are not strong in your faith unto the Lord, He will not give unto you the wisdom that you need to live a strong Christian life.Such a distrustful, shifting, unsettled person is not likely to value favour from God as he should do, and therefore cannot expect to receive it. In asking for divine and heavenly wisdom we are never likely to prevail if we have not a heart to prize it above rubies, and the greatest things in this world. As we journey into the latter verses of this passage we start to see similarities of language with the utte rance on the Mount in Matthew and the sermon on the plain in Luke. In verse 9 James gives a comforting insight that the people who is of a low degree can rejoice in that he will be exalted.This is prophetic language in that James is assuring nonsuch after being in a low degree. Once again James is giving assurance that those who are weak, those who are humble will be lifted up by God. It is not a hypothetical uplifting but a commanding promise that those who are low, are weak, and endure through their trials and tribulations will be lifted up by God. Not only does James point out the lifting of those who are humble but he also personalizes them by calling them our brothers.The term our brothers allows us to embrace those who are low and in despair and not to cast them apart. As James speaks to the twelve tribes of Israel he is letting them know that all, even those who are not like them, are their brothers and that Christ will raise them up and exalt them. In comparison to the di squisition on the Mount, James gives us confidence and then warns of despair. In the 9th verse he tells those that are rich, in that they will be low, will pass away like the flower that is within the grass will pass away.Take a look at what reason rich people have, notwithstanding their riches, to be humble and low in their own eyes, because both they and their riches are passing away As the flower of the grass he shall pass away, he and his wealth with him. Trials serve to remind the rich and the high that though they are comfortable in this life, it is still only this life, which melts as the grass grows brown and the flowers fade away. The riches of this world will certainly fade away but James says that the rich man also will fade away. If we put our life and our dentity into things that fade away, we will fade away also. How much better to put our life and our identity into things that will never fade? If a man is only rich in this world, when he dies, he leaves his riches. But if a man is rich before God, when he dies he goes to his riches. In verse 12, James again resembles the Sermon on the Mount language and gives a blessing for those who endure temptation. In those great statements of blessing, Jesus wasnt finished telling us how we can be blessed. Here, we learn we can be blessed as we endure temptation.Temptation is one of the various trials (James 12) we face. As we persevere through temptation, we are approved, and will be rewarded as the work of God in us is evident through our resistance of temptation. The crown of life which the Lord has promised reminds us that it in reality is worth it to endure under the temptations we face. Our steadfastness will be rewarded as we demonstrate our love for Jesus, to those who love Him, by resisting temptation. At the end of the passage lets look at verse 13 16. Temptation does not come from God.Though He allows it, He Himself does not entice us to evil, though God may test our faith without a solicitat ion to evil, nor does He Himself tempt anyone. James knew that most people have an evil tendency to agitate God when they find themselves in trials. By His very nature, God is unable to be tempted in the sense we are tempted, nor can He Himself tempt anyone. God doesnt tempt us. Instead, temptation comes when we are drawn away by our own fleshly desires and enticed with the world and the devil providing the enticement. James warns us that when the flesh begins to produce and give birth, it brings forth sin.That sin then will produce death. Springing forth from corrupt desire is sin. Springing forth from sin is death. This progression to death is an inevitable result that Satan always tries to hide from us, but we should never be deceived about. Satans great strategy in temptation is to convince us that the hunt of our corrupt desires will somehow produce life and goodness for us. If we remember that Satan only comes to steal, and to kill, and to destroy (John 1010), then we would resist the deceptions of temptation more easily.James imperatively warns us not to make a mistake and err. In the last two verses in this passage, we see that every good and perfect gift comes from God. From our own fallen natures and from those who would entice us, we expect no true goodness. But every good and every perfect gift comes from God the preceptor in heaven. Let us also observe that God is the Father of the Lights. The visible light of the sun and the heavenly bodies is from him. He said, let there be light, and there was light.Thus God is at once represented as the Creator of the sun and in some respects compared to it. What the sun is in nature, God is in grace, providence, glory and infinitely more. Every good gift is from him. As the Father of lights, he gives the light of reason. Gods goodness is constant. There is no variation with Him. This means that God never changes. His word is the same yesterday, today and will be tomorrow. God never sways nor is he swayed. He is unlike the wavering man that James spoke of before. He will not change his word to justify our lives. Gods word is there for us.We can see Gods goodness in our salvation, as He initiated our salvation of His own will, and brought us forth to spiritual life by His word of truth, that we ability be to His glory as firstfruits of His harvest. James may be speaking of his own generation of believers when he calls them firstfruits. Some have speculated on this even more, saying that James has in mind a wider redemption among unknown creatures of God, of which we are the firstfruits of that wider redemption. In brief summation, James has given us the recipe to deal and embrace the trials and tribulations that come in our life.We as Christians must realize that trials and tribulations will come and we must be ready to count it all joy and to be prepared for God to exalt us even from low places. Bibliography The Bible, King James Version Believers Bible Commentary. William MacDonal d and Art Farstad. NashvilleAtlantacapital of the United KingdomVancouver Thomas Nelson Publishers. Tyndale Bible Dictionary. Walter A. Elwell, Ph. D. and Philip W. Comfort, Ph. D. Tyndale House Publishers, 2001. Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. 10 Oct. 2006. Grace Online Library, 20 Nov. 2006.

Sunday, May 26, 2019

Rhetorical Analysis: Pre-writing Essay

Learning how to identify and analyze rhetorical peters is an important part of the collegial experience. This handout emphasizes several tools which can aid in the analysis of rhetoric in an effective, well-organized paper.Questions to AskSpeakers use rhetorical tools in order to appeal to system of logic (logos), emotion (pathos), or authority (ethos). Asking yourself specific questions regarding the effect of rhetorical tools you encounter is a good place to begin expanding and improving the analysis inwardly your paper. The pastime argon some suggestions to get you started. If the tool has an ethical effect, askWhat authority does the vocalizer system hope his audition volition place? Is the authority of the speaker himself/herself in question, or is it the authority an outside source? why does the speaker choose that particular kind of authority? What connections is the speaker trying to make in the minds of the audience? Is it likely that the audience will accept this authority? Why or why not? How does establishing trust in this authority help acquit people to trust the speaker? If the tool has a luculent effect, askWhy does the speaker use a logical argument instead of a pathetic or ethical one? What is the audiences likely reaction to this sort of logical reasoning? How selective or particular is the logic? Is there any evidence of logical fallacy? If so, why? Does the fallacy undermine the argument, or strengthen it? Note For to a greater extent information on logical fallacies, see the handout Logical Fallacies. Is the speaker using logic to persuade his audience about a highly mad issue? If so, why? If the tool has a pathetic (emotional) effect, askWhat emotion is the speaker highlighting? Why is that particular emotion highlighted? Why would this emotion would be more powerful for the audience the speaker is addressing? What particular tool is the speaker using tomanipulate or arouse these emotions? Does it work? Why or why not? Once th e speaker has created an emotion in his listeners, how does he connect that emotion with the purpose of his speech? Is this effective? Why or why not? In other words, how does establishing an emotional connection help persuade people to follow the speaker?Note Silva Rhetoricae, an online resource developed by Dr. Gideon Burton, describes many specific rhetorical tools and their functions and provides examples of rhetorical analyses of these tools. It can be found at http//humanities.byu.edu/rhetoric/silva.htm. For a more basic commentary on rhetorical tools and how to analyze them, check the Writers at report workbook, pages 99-104.The Analytical Process A SampleIn rhetorical analysis, writers must first show the connection between to each one rhetorical tool set and the way the speaker uses those tools to create a reaction in his or her audience, and then show why each tool was effective for that particular audience.The following example demonstrates an effective analytical proc ess, taking a samplefrom the speech Against the Spanish Armada by puff Elizabeth I I know I have alone the body of a weak and feeble woman but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too and think unclean scorn that Parma or Spain, or any prince of Europe, should dare to invade the borders of my realms to which, rather than any dishonor should grow by me, I myself will take up arms. Upon reading this segment, the school-age child has a powerful, postive reaction. The student decides his stance he will argue that the speech is effective.Next, the student needs to determine the rhetorical tools that Elizabeth uses to make her argument. feel at the segment critically, the student notices that Elizabeth manages to logically connect the fact that she is a pouf with the responsibility to crusade her realm. He sees that Queen Elizabeth ironically juxtaposes the fact that she is a feeble woman against the invading European princes. He also sees that Elizabeth references herself many times in the segment.The student decides to focus on one tool Elizabeths repetitive references to herself. Looking carefully at the passage, he discovers that Elizabeth refers to herself seven times, and that five of those references show Elizabeth as the subject of the clause. The student then asks himself, Why would Elizabeth refer to herself so often? He then lists the possibilities Elizabeth was reminding her legions how important she was Elizabeth wanted to have her troops remember her when they were in battle Elizabeth wanted to appear confidentElizabeth was egomanicalElizabeth was accentuate her role as a QueenElizabeth was using repetition of a subject to create a dramatic feeling in her audienceReviewing the list, the student decides that the most likely possibility is that Elizabeth wished to establish her authority in the eyes of her subjects. This is but one possible analysis of many possibilities however, he feels that she can look for this aspect in d epth. The student then asks How does referring to herself so often help Elizabeths troops accept her as their leader? Looking at each specific reference, he notices that in every(prenominal) instance Elizabeth portrays herself as active and powerful. By attaching herself to verbs commonly associated with power and ruling, he reasons, Elizabeth is able to repetitively emphasize her personate as the ruler of the English people.The student is now ready to write a paragraph of rhetorical analysis Example In the passage, Elizabeth refers to herself no few than seven times. In each instance, Elizabeth connects herself to active verbs which emphasize her dynamic and powerful status I have, I know, I think foul scorn, I will take up arms. This repetition of her autonomous identity is a powerful way of reminding her troops that she is, in fact, their queen and military leader. By demonstrating her own person-to-person power, Elizabeth shows that she is just as capable as any prince of Eu rope of defending her lands and people the repetition of that idea with her carefully chosen verbsconnects her power as a person (and as a kingly woman) with her power as a queen.Even at this point, the student can analyze more deeply Why was it so important for Elizabeth to establish herself as a king? What elements of the verbs Elizabeth chose communicate power and monarchy to the audience? Is there any aspect of her word superior that would be more stirring to a military audience than a civilian one? After exploring the issues, the student discovers many other aspects of the repetitive word choice that he can analyze and write about.Danny Nelson, Summer 2005Effective Communication Used by Benevolent Leader, Queen Elizabeth IPersuasion is a intemperate skill to master. One has to take into account the ideologies held by the audience and how those relate to ones own intentions of changing minds. In order to encourage her troops to fend for courageously in defense of England, Que en Elizabeth I utilizes Aristotles principles of effective communicationthat include logos, pathos and ethos in her Speech to the English Troops at Tilbury, Facing the Spanish Armada.The first principle that Queen Elizabeth I introduces into her speech is logos, as she uses reason and inference to assure her soldiers of her faith in their resolve to fight for the good of England. She warns her soldiers that she has been told to take heed how we commit ourselves to armed multitudes, for fear of treachery. This warning is from a source that is concerned with not only her caoutchouc, but also the safety of her subjects and, despite that concern, she claims that it is the tyrants who should be fearful.Since she has placed my chiefest strength and safeguard in the loyal hearts and good will of my subjects, she has no reason to worry because she is not a tyrant like her enemies. As a result of investing and drawing her strength from the people of her kingdom, Queen Elizabeth I has little to fear unlike the tyrants who cannot trust their own armies. The trust that she has placed in her armies to protect the kingdom leads to the use of the second of Aristotles principles of effective communication.Queen Elizabeth I uses pathos to appeal to soldiers with their emotions by reminding them that she is on the field with them to die for her subjects (them), just as she is asking them to die for her. She is not on the battlefield with them for her own amusement the Queen is inflexible to live or die amongst you all, to lay down for my God, and for my kingdom and this appeals to the soldiers sense of duty. If their own Queen is willing to die fighting, then they also have a duty to do the same.Queen Elizabeth I appeals to the soldiers religious zeal by claiming that she is willing to die primarily for her God and, secondarily, for her country. This order of priorities makes it seem as though her soldiers are not just fighting to prevent the Spanish from invading England, b ut that, perhaps, they are fighting for a higher cause. Soldiers will fight to defend worldly things, but the fact that she introduces God as something they are protecting gives their cause an added sense of emergency and import. From her appeals to the hearts of her soldiers, Queen Elizabeth I turns to the third and terminal principle of Aristotles guide to effective communication.Ethos is the final tool that Queen Elizabeth I utilizes to cement her own authority as the Queen of England and her credibility as a benevolent leader who will, in due time, reward the soldiers for their valor. Despite admitting that she has the body of a weak and feeble woman, she reminds them that she has the heart and stomach of a king, which is more important because without those vital organs the body is rendered useless. By claiming that the energy and will that is used to power her movements are derived from her position as a king of England, Queen Elizabeth I reinforces her authority to command h er soldiers to sacrifice their lives for the good of the kingdom.The Queen goes on to introduce her reputation as supreme leader who will be your general, judge, and rewarder of every one of your virtues in the field. Not only will she command her army, she will judge their performance and she will reward the deserved. Queen Elizabeth I provides not only the motivation of heroism as its own reward, but she also promises rewards and crownsshall be duly paid to those who have fought and will fight with courage. Ethos is used by Queen Elizabeth I to assert her own authority as their motivation to fight for glory and for reward.The principles of logos, pathos and ethos are used to put faith in the minds of the soldiers that they are fighting for a noble cause and are being commanded by a valiant leader.

Saturday, May 25, 2019

IKEA in China, Sweden and the UK Essay

For IKEA the step into the Chinese market was a big step, maybe as big at the archetypal step abroad to Switzerland and the first cheat on class on foreign soil (Spreitenbach) in 1973 (Torekull, 1999). It meant entering china and its gigantic at least potentially consumer market. IKEA trains different congregation of mess in China than in countries later in the IKEA life cycle (i.e., life cycle based on how ache IKEA has been on a market). The main target group is female customers 65 % of all customers. Women, according to IKEA, stand for change in China and they welcome change (and IKEA rec everywhere them selves as providing the tools for change in at least unity argona).Men be a bid part of the target group but more(prenominal) indirectly as women argon the anes in the family having blank space furnishing inte stay and making the actual decisions. Customers be vulcanized 25-35 (the core customer is around 30). M some(prenominal) from IKEAs target group at omic number 18 what in China is k instantly as the little emperors the generation born into the One Child Policy (today 15-27 years old). This segment of the population includes several(prenominal) 30 billion plurality. One of the characteristics of this group of consumers is that they are impulsive, easy to influence and are very social. And committed to foreign study consumer brands (Gunnarsson, 1997). They are in addition known as the the me-generation or the lifestyle generation (e.g., Schtte & Ciarlatte, 1999, p 139),IKEAs customers are alike wellhead educated, living in big cities in China. With increasing salaries of the target group, the target group for IKEA increases every year. The customer in China buys less when they visit the barge in than the IKEA average customer. But in move for example, the core customers visit IKEA more very a lot than anyw present in the world 33% come every month. This means among some another(prenominal) liaisons that t presen t is a need for a lot of change in the store. The Shanghai store rearranges direction settings at least seven convictions a year, for new proceeds or full for different holidays and bear ons etc.IKEAs offer is to supply affordable solutions to Chinese customers, but the oerall image is a nonher one ( touch infra) forcing IKEA to offer other values to their Chinese customers. In the Shanghai stores p li draw neary market demesne thecore customers monthly household income is 6000 RMB. This is luxuriously by Chinese steps but in the IKEA world it is not very high IKEA compares different countries by using a typical IKEA basket of goods. The Swiss only wee to cook 2 months to buy the basket objet dart the Chinese will throw away to fetch 1 year and 6 months.MerchandiseSome of IKEAs major challenges are summed up in the citation below, featuring IKEAs current Asia bossWhen Ian Duffy was first put in charge of IKEAs China stores four years ago, he spent hours at the checkout manikin observing customers. He didnt see legion(predicate). Instead, he saw plenty of people crowding the Beijing store for freebies air conditioning, clean toilets and even decorating ideas. Adding bruise to injury shops right outside were offering copies of IKEAs designs at a fraction of the damage. So, to lure shoppers, the Englishman ordered what could be the cheapest IKEA non-sale items in the world a scoop of vanilla ice cream in a cone for 12 cents. Thus began IKEAs strategy to beguile the finicky Chinese consumer by slashing expenses in China to the lowest in the world the opposite advent of many Western retail merchants. (The jetty track Journal, March 3, 2006)IKEA is used to be perceived as having low prices, this also one of the competitive cornerstones of the whole innovation of IKEA (see above). But this is not the case in China here the perception is a more or less exclusive western retailer, a store for the higher middle class (Lewis, 2005). For examp le, for the Chinese, Billy (the inexpensive, high exchange book case) was perceived as a luxary (Jungbluth, 2006). plot of land IKEA has accepted that to approximately extent, the main strategy has been to cut prices. And to do that, IKEA in China has been allowed to break unbreakable codes and rules in the IKEA organisation.China is a big sourcing land for IKEA. Still, for many products IKEA China sources were everybody else in IKEA sources, for example Poland. In China that has meant that imported product were subject to import taxes (22%) andit also involved a lead-time of 12 weeks (it is now bug out to 5 weeks). To be able to keep cutting prices on the China market IKEA China has been allowed to exceed and expand its sourcing of products in China, while the rest of IKEA still sources the alike(p) products somewhere else in the world. The actual figures differ a little on how much in a Chinese IKEA store that is sourced in China. Some say that half of the products in an IKEA store in China are reconstruct in China, compared to 23% in IKEA stores overall (The Wall Street Journal, 2006). IKEA says 30 % and in addition to that 500 more articles were the local trading office are now looking for Chinese suppliers.According to IKEA, this has unfeignedly resulted in get prices as prices have falloffped at least 30% since 2003, on some products the price has dropped as much as 90%. IKEAs single-seat Ektorp armchair retail for 112$ in China, 67 % lower price than one sold in the US (The Wall Street Journal, March 3, 2006).IKEA, like many other companies doing care in China, is subject to copying. One observer noticed that many Chinese shoppers in IKEA were drawing pictures of the furniture and scribbling down descriptions of the products but not necessarily purchasing them. (Lewis, 2005). Copying IKEA furniture and style is to some extent easy. The catalogue and the store provide in many cases even measurements of furniture. And IKEA style planetary hou se furnishing has in some areas become a excogitation of its own, outside the control of IKEA. If you search the baidu.com, a local Shanghai website, for IKEA style you will get more than 39 000 hits. With a focus on delivering help in home decoration sooner than individual products as such, it is easier to progress to a authority that is not taken over by competitors that copy your individual products the Karlanda sofa is easy to copy but not the home decorating skills provided by the company in the store, on the web site, in the catalogue etc.While price will not in the foreseeable future be IKEAs main bank line in China, what is? IKEA tries to position itself as a company with an unique competence when it comes to interior design. Helping customers with this is the basic message, rather than selling individual products at low prices.Focus here has also been on selected areas, like storage. Many Chinese live in small apartments and IKEA can help with smart solutions for storag e that makes life easier (is the argument). IKEAs argument is very much about function while this contrasts to traditional furniture manufacturers in China were everything is about tradition.From hold IKEA know that markets pull out through some kind of life-cycle when stores open in a new country some customers buy what IKEA call market-hall products, i.e., everything but furniture. In established countries the proportion is state to be 65 to 35 betwixt furniture and market hall products. It varies across IKEA stores in China but China has matured relatively fast with proportions between furniture and market hall fast approaching those in older markets like Sweden and Germany.Chinese see IKEA products as innovative and not traditional. Square tables are for example not traditional (round tables are tradition) and many of the colours used are not traditional to the Chinese.Everything in an IKEA store, in China as everyplace else in the world, is sold under the snobby brand IKEA . In the Sweden shop in the IKEA store (outside Sweden) on that caput are exceptions as it holds famous Swedish nutriment and drink brands, but in home furnishing it is IKEA. According to IKEA, IKEA is a well known brand. In Shanghai, 96 % in the catchments area of the store know of IKEA. quite a little Cookies (Dagens Industri, 20060505) first market and opinion poll in China studys that, among people with a monthly income of no less than RMB 2500, living in urban areas and aged 15-55, 75% know of IKEA.The meaning of IKEA in Chinese is positive and very appropriate IKEAs translation in Chinese means desirable for home living/comfortable home which is regarded as a very good translation in China. It is pronounced Yi Jia, similar to the English pronunciation of IKEA.All products, here as everywhere else in the world, have Swedish names and the assortment in a Chinese IKEA store is very similar to one in the US, Sweden etc. In 1998 three products were added for China chopsticks , wokwith a lid and a cleaver but they are now in almost every store around the world. The Chinese IKEA stores have a special set of tea cups for the Chinese New Year. Also, 500.000 p blend inic placemats are produced to commemorate the year of the rooster (Business Week, nov 15, 2005). At the moment mainland China, as well as in Hong Kong, the beds sold are shorter (190cm) than standard-sized beds (200cm). This is currently being reviewed but so far constitutes another ad uprightment in the assortment to get demands in the geographical area. Many Chinese live in apartments with balconies and this space of the apartment is very important to the Chinese. IKEA has added settings in the store that show how you can furnish your balcony and a special balcony section in the stores (Lewis, 2005). Location and store formatsThe big- rap IKEA format is unusual in China were shopping traditionally is do locally and with specialist stores. IKEA stores in China are located closer to urban ce nter centre than what is the case in other parts of the world were IKEA stores are usually located well outside city centre and suburbs. In China the location is closer to some type of city centre while the location is not exactly down town. A location well outside the city would not have been ideal in China as consumers do not have access to cars like European and US customers have. Here the stores have to be where public transportation can take people, and where in that respect is some kind of hub where many people pass through. A good example is the Shanghai store which is very close to several bus lines and one of the metro lines in Shanghai. However, as the Shanghai store have 700 parking places under the store, IKEA is stocking Chinese shopping patterns to change in the future (= more private cars to go to the store).Public transportation to the store is a contributing factor to the return level home sending function are more universal and more used here (while they are getable also in other parts of the IKEA world). Also, outside the store in Shanghai (and outside other IKEA stores in China) you will see entrepreneurs setting up to transport home for people and also following that with actually putting the furniture together for IKEAconsumers in their homes.In the new Beijing store the too larges IKEA store outside Sweden (the Stockholm Kungens kurva store is the biggest in the world) interesting adjustments have been made to the store format. The store here have wider aisles to cater for the fact that IKEA stores in China have up to three times more visitors than IKEA store elsewhere in the world (The Wall Street Journal, 2006). publicizing and promotionOne of the big differences when it comes to communication with the consumer in China compared to the rest of the world is the reliance on the catalogue. Here it is impossible cost and reach sassy to distribute it like in many other countries. The catalogue is distributed in the store and in s ome of the primary market area but here the reliance is more on smaller brochures that are sent out several times during the year. These brochures are produced by the same people in lmhult in Sweden that produces the catalogue, in order to make sure that the brochures have the same layout and IKEA feel as the catalogue itself.An example of PR activities is that IKEA a twin of years ago transformed the interior of 20 elevators in less affluent residential districts in Beijing. Nice environment in a heavy place, this is to reach untapped markets (Change is easy). PR activities are also important, taking Chinese journalists to Sweden and lmhult, teaching them about Sweden and IKEA and the roots of the company. IKEA is known for its out of box thinking when it comes to creating interest for IKEA and its products. IKEA in China is no exception. IKEA is supposed to have started or sponsored a TV-show were the viewers are offered lessons in home decoratingIKEA have run many different ads in China, in TV, newspapers and in print. Themes in campaigns are the same as everywhere in the world but with the Chinese deprave (be different, break tradition). Maybe the IKEA advertising line in China is a little softer than in other places like in the UK. More humble advertising, do not stand out very much, friendly, home furnishing solutions, educate the consumer, offer partnership for the future in newhome furnishing solutions. The ad featured below is typicalThe message of the ad is Small changes, a refreshing new life. Life can be made better, easier and nicer with small means. Small changes are the key word in IKEA ads and in-store. Other ads that IKEA have run have the theme of do not be like your parents, a theme that seems to plow directly to IKEAs target group of young women 25-35 years old (Lewis, 2005).The web sites of the different stores in China is also argued to be important the earnings is a parking area source of breeding for the target group, the younger middle class. Also, this source is used as a way to educate customers before attack to the IKEA stores on the concept and how the shopping survive will be (see below also). 12IKEA Family was introduced in China in 2007 and much is expected from how this will work to attract Chinese customers.The selling environment and serviceWhile the products available in the Chinese stores are basically the same as in any IKEA store in the world, the stores do not look the same inside. What IKEA tries to do is to build the room settings not like in the US, not like in the UK or Sweden but in a way that feels relevant to Chinese customers with sizes of rooms and kitchens that are realistic by China standards. So even with the same products, the aim is to make the store in Shanghai look very different from the one in Malm by the set-up of rooms. Thus basically the same product range but adaptation in the store presentation of goods and home solutions offered. In China the store layouts reflect the layout of many Chinese apartments. One diaphanous example was mentioned earlier, balconies are present as many Chinese apartments have balconies. (The China Business Review, July-August, 2004).Overall the shopping experience is different. As other customers are an important part of the shopping experience the way the store is used as account above by Chinese consumers not only as a shop but also as a social area, make for an(compared to IKEA stores in Europe and the US) different experience. In the beginning, Chinese came not to shop but to socialise in a nice atmosphere, unlike other furnishing shops in China (were you are not allowed to feel and touch the merchandise). This is still straight you come up people in the Shanghai store that seem to sleep in the beds and sofas, those that read a book with the feet on one of the tables in the room settings, take a nap but IKEA try to put up with this as they hope that these people will later return as customers. For example, on in-store sign portrays an older couple whose child just moved away from home to attend college.The couple discusses how IKEA help them to convert their sons power bedroom into a new room for their own use. The stores room setting are full of furnishing and dcor ideas for this purpose, the ad argues. The Beijing store is expected to take 20 000 visitors a day, and weekend crowds are so big that staff need to use megaphones to keep crowds in control. 20 000 a day add up to some 6 trillion visitors each year. To be compared with the normal number of visitors for an IKEAs store elsewhere which is 2 million visitors/year. As the staffing is the same as in other IKEA stores around the world on that point are of course consequences for the service level.IKEAs own CSI (Customer satisfaction index) shows that expect for service and shopping experience China is below the IKEA average. IKEA scores high on product range and fashion. Seeing the number of people that visit the stores in China it is no wonder satisfaction levels were down. Today overall satisfaction in China is argued to be equal to the rest of the world, scorn a lower score in some areas. When it comes to inspiration, waiting times and helpfulness of staff IKEA in China scores above average. Another thing puzzling the Chinese customers about IKEA are the added labour one has to put in oneself. Besides the self service concept throughout the store, having to visit a warehouse to collapse your stuff up the customer have to assemble it at home. While you do not need many tools to do this, as China does not have a DIY culture, who has even the most common tools in their houses? When you need something through you call for someone as labour is less expensive.To try to formulate and justify the DIY concept which is at the heart of the IKEA concept is thus hard work in China. IKEA provides home delivery long and short distance as well as assembly service for a low fee (home delivery short haul for RMB 50 and assembly one piece RMB 40). IKEA has also created not intentionally but still an industry around itself of delivery drivers that also help assemble your IKEA furniture. These pick-up trucks with drivers are lined up outside the stores (Lewis, 2005). However, when Chinese shop at other places this is included in the price. In Europe and in the US the price is so low that the consumer can see the benefits to do things myself but here when the price of the products at IKEA are not that low and you are expected to do things yourself that no other retailer here makes you do.it is easy to see the uphill struggle.IKEA tries to acknowledge this and provide information in the stores, on the website and in the catalogue to prepare the Chinese consumer for the IKEA store experience. They even have shopping hostesses walking around the store explaining and showing how the concept works to customers. And it is progressing, IKEA representatives argue, but slowly.As indicated above, consumers in China are demanding when it comes to service. They are used to, if not world class service, but at least that there are people to help you with all kinds of tasks. The self service concept of IKEA and the DIY is one thing that is hard for Chinese to accept. And what about service orientation among staff in an IKEA store? This is difficult to get an indication about. IKEA uses mystery shoppers to get some information here but it is hard to say something general. If you take into account 50 years of dictatorship, state rule, state owned enterprises with little room for the individual etc how service minded can you expect the Chinese to be? IKEA tries here as everywhere else in the world to implement a staff strategy that makes everybody coworkers rather than employees. This is something that ought to be contrary to the culture in a country with high power distance relationships. IKEA argue that it is improving as conversion rates consumers tour stores that are also b uying something are improving, and are now well above 41 %.IKEA has another challenge that affects service and that is the fact that many products despite increased sourcing in China have huge lead timesin hurt of shipping from Europe and other sourcing markets to China. That have historically made it necessary for Chinese stores to push and sell what they got in store rather than what they do not have in store (but is in the catalogue). Due to a lot of work being work being put in to improve this increasing domestic production, a new warehouse in China availability in China is almost the same as for the rest of the IKEA group. IKEA in SwedenIKEAs first store in Sweden, the first in the world, was assailable in 1959 in lmhult, in Smland (a county in Sweden sometimes rumoured to be very barren and with people that are extremely stingy). IKEA today has 17 stores in Sweden and IKEA is a big part of home decoration in Sweden and has been so for many years. IKEAs statement in the barter mission that they make furniture for the many people is very true in Sweden very penetration of their products are very high, much higher than in many more markets. Accordingly, IKEA is well-known in Sweden, i.e., Swedes have knowledge about IKEA products, stores and the company, many Swedes have had IKEA furniture for generations. This is from a company perspective also a challenge, not just a good thing as IKEA becomes associated with boring furnishing styles of older generations. IKEA is still in Sweden seen as innovative with very good prices.While the many people is an accurate description of consumers of IKEA in Sweden, in actual marketing work it is a bit smaller. It is women 20-49, a good deal with children. In addition, an important target group in new years has been +55 years that think they have done enough home furnishing, have no kids in the home and have a good financial situation.MerchandiseOverall, the IKEA assortment is around 10 000 products that the sto res can choose from. In Sweden the stores are plum small and carry only 6-7 000 of the available products in the general assortment. While there is no adjustment made in the assortment to the Swedish market, adjustments are made to the local market by the stores (in terms of marketing and the local competition situation) who have the authority to adjust to local competition and have during the latter years received and developed more marketinginitiatives than previously. Price (as a marketing tool) is central in Sweden as IKEA is known for its low price. This is done by have a low price promise and the aim is to have a low in comparison to competitors in different areas. In recent years, here as in most parts of the IKEA world, cutting prices has been a major marketing strategy, by some 20% over the last 8 years. Sourcing for all the larger and transport wise heavier and bulkier products are done in Europe (and Sweden itself is one of the larger sourcing countries for IKEA outside Asia).Location and store formatsIn Sweden IKEA stores are located as in much of the IKEA world outside city centres, with a focus on consumers using their own cars to travel to and from IKEA stores. For IKEA, establishing an IKEA store in Sweden if middling easy, IKEA gets many propositions from different areas and towns in Sweden wanting an IKEA store. One of the recent and much publicized openings of IKEA stores in Sweden was the store in Haparanda Tornio. Haparanda Tornio is in the far north of Sweden (on the border to Finland) and launch of the store there has been a big success not only for IKEA but for the whole community (which is an area where depopulation is a major problem). However, event though it is easy to find places to establish IKEA stores in Sweden, there is still (also for IKEA) competition about the good places to locate a store.As mentioned above, IKEA stores in Sweden has been fairly small, in the lower rim of square meters and number of articles stored (excep t the big store in Kungens kurva which is the biggest IKEA store in the world). There are plans to refurbish stores and make them big, and new stores are ever so bigger than the older ones. Otherwise the format of the store follows the IKEA standard layout with parking lot outside the store and a two floor store. Some new stores, like the new store in Malm, is planned to be build on pylons and have the car park under the store (like in Shanghai for instance). Advertising and promotionIn Sweden the catalogue is the most important promotion tool. It makes IKEA unique, is a source of inspiration and is the most important printed marketing tool IKEA has. In Sweden the launch of the new catalogue is a major thing, something that all major newspapers have lengthy reports about and that is a major PR thing. In 2008 IKEA furnished the waiting hall of Stockholm train terminal when the new catalogue was launched August 14th.IKEA Family was first launched in Sweden and was at that time one o f the first loyalty separate and clubs in Sweden. Today it is still one of the bigger ones with 1,7 million members and is still a very important marketing tool for IKEA in Sweden. The web is also important for IKEA Sweden, maybe especially for new groups of customers (for example younger customers) and because it is a good way to make customers prepare for the store visit and it is also there IKEA can make accessible different planning tools like for instance the kitchen planning tool. IKEAs approach to the Swedes in advertising and promotion is intended to be youthful and different, fun and surprising, emphasising that nothing is impossible but that the company also is very honest and human.At the moment IKEA in Sweden is in a blockage of re-launch. While being well known (as IKEA is in Sweden) is often an advantage, it can also be a disadvantage. Consumers get used to the company and the rebellious status and image is hard to keep when penetration in many age groups is very high. Compared to many other IKEA countries, IKEA in Sweden is in another part of the IKEA lifecycle where consumers have homes filled with IKEA furniture and accessories, IKEA is the market leader for kitchen in Sweden etc. How do IKEA make the Swedes still find it exiting and new? The line for 2008 is Decorate the home as you want to live and Long live diversity.Examples of IKEA address Swedish customers is a campaign that is a few years old and went from the fact that in IKEA target group there are a lot of divorced parents that share custody of children. So the campaign focused on how IKEA contributed to the slogan come apart divorce for everybody. IKEA has also focused on campaigns which points to the diversity of the Swedes in terms of ethnicity, showing different ethnic groups in Sweden as customers. One of the more well known and longest running campaigns is the one with the slogan Not for the rich but for the wise emphasising that IKEA has high quality for low prices and t hat wise customers realize that. The selling environment and serviceThe stores are the main marketing tool of IKEA in Sweden, this is where the customer come and this is where they can see what it is all about. As indicated above, IKEA stores have been fairly small in Sweden which has meant that it in many places has been difficult to expose and show the width and depth of the assortment IKEA actually has. Increasingly new and bigger stores are built to allow for showing the customer more of the IKEA product range.The stores in Sweden are set up in a fairly standard way. The common store planning which is the IKEA store planning blue print is used as a starting point but that then meets the actual or planned store which makes for adjustments in the standard layout. As in all IKEA countries, the furniture part of an IKEA store (the room settings on the 2nd floor of the store) is always opened by 5 rooms that are the same all over the world but these are also adjusted locally to see what the local markets can do with this. While the stores are to some extent set up the same way, local adjustments are made to the normal room-size of a living room or a bed room of the country market, the interior of the kitchen etc etc. A Swedish IKEA store for instance have often kitchen room settings 16with what is called a kitchen island (part of the kitchen is a stand alone part integrating cooking, washing up and eating places in the kitchen) and walk in closets. To Swedes the DIY concept of IKEA (and DIY in general) is an accepted concept you collect your flatpacs, carry them home, assemble and you pay a lower price. Still, in recent years IKEA in Sweden have added services concerning home delivery and assembly service at a cost for customers that want this.When it comes to the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) that all markets in IKEA do regularly central factors are waiting time and product in stock, which is something that IKEA Sweden has worked with a lot and have imp roved in recent years. This also indicates that one major problem in IKEA stores in Sweden has been queues in stores and out of stock of products. IKEA still get high points from Swedes on innovativeness and the low price level.IKEA in the UKIKEA has a fairly long history in the UK, having entered the market in 1987 and now has 17 stores in the UK. Expansion plans include a further 7 stores in the near future. The UK is one of IKEAs major markets, the second to third one in size after Germany and the USA. The current CEO for IKEA, Anders Dahlvig, was the country mananger during much of the 1990-ies when a relaunch and displace of the brand in the UK took place. The target group is mainly women in families aged 25-45 and middle-class. This then varies with different products and product groups. MerchandiseOverall the assortment in UK stores are not different from anywhere else in the IKEA world. The beds sold at IKEA are bigger than the normal UK size but that is something that IKEA tries to make a point of (so no adjustment has been made here). Adjustment of electrical products are, of course, made but in general there is no adjustment in the merchandise sold in the UK. All the normal supply chain is used and larger products are sourced in Europe while accessories are sourced in other parts of the world. IKEA in the UK also has a low price image and promise to the consumer, this is very important in the marketing low prices but good quality. In recent years, as elsewhere in the IKEA world, one of the premier marketing focuses has been on cutting prices. Allegedly prices has been cut by more than 20% over the last 8 years. Location and store formatsThe fact that the UK has 17 stores and around 60 million inhabitants, Sweden has 17 stores and 9 million inhabitants tells us that UK retail planning laws are very strict and difficult for big block out of town retailers like IKEA. The lack of new established stores has been a major concern for IKEA UK for many year s and that also forced some new thinking concerning the layout of an IKEA store. Normally it would be big parking space and two stores but starting in the UK, IKEA has started thinking differently on how an IKEA store is set up. This has lead to an adjusted concept store in Coventry with three levels and a closer to city centre location. Whether that is now the solution for IKEA UK to set up more stores or not is not clear. Most of the stores in the UK are set up the standard way and has anout of town location, encouraging customers to use their own cars to access the store.Advertising and promotionAlso for IKEA UK the IKEA catalogue dominates marketing efforts. While now 70% of the marketing budget, efforts are made to lower that as it is believed that it is very expensive to distribute in high population markets like the UK and it is also no long as effective a marketing tool as is once was.One of the most noticeable things about IKEA in the UK is the daring and challenging appro ach that has been used through the years. The IKEA and St Lukes campaign Chuck out the Chintz from 1996 is famous (even Tony Blair referred to it) as is the Stop Being So English campaign. In the UK IKEA as dared more than in many markets when is comes to challenging the market and its customers. The preferred approach is being different but do it in a way that connects to the fact that IKEA sells home furnishings. According to IKEA, the Brits should appreciate their homes more (and spend more time there) and IKEA can help with low prices, good products and design and the fact that IKEA has 65 years of experience in home decoration. The launch if IKEA UK in Scotland is a good example of adjusting to the local market while sticking to the mail IKEA be different message. The campaign focus on two very hard looking Glasgow guys that go soft with soft pillows and green plants from IKEA.The web is very useful in the UK, as the stores are only 17 and there is a need for information on a vailability on products and to prepare the store visit IKEA family was launched in 2007, and is reported as very successful also in the UK. However, compared to the British grocery retailer Tesco who runs probably the worlds most successful (in many aspects) loyalty card, IKEA has a long way to go before the IKEA Family loyalty club generates asmany advantages as Tescos club does. The selling environment and serviceUK customers are said to be demanding and does not mind airing their problems and IKEA Still, Brits generally live in the houses that they own and are not alien to the DIY concept, even though the IKEA DIY is somewhat increase compared to the original meaning of DIY. Here, as in Sweden, services offering to take out some of the DIY parts have been (home delivery and assembly service at a cost).UK has struggled with some things that plug in to selling environment and service. It all comes back to having only 17 stores and being 60 million people and IKEA UK being one of I KEAs biggest markets i.e., IKEA is very popular in the UK and that leads to problems that can be seen in the IKEA CSI. Access to stores and products out of stocks are areas of concern as customers say that it is difficult and time consuming to get to the stores and they also often run the risk of not being able to take the products home with them from the stores as they are out of stock. This is of course things that are acted upon, through the long range work to establish more stores to planning of personnel in the stores (which is difficult in itself with a fairly large personnel turnover in the UK). Still it 18is a major concern, making this area of the marketing effort a challenge. The Brits are satisfied with the prices that they feel are low for the quality that the customer get. Summing up IKEA in China, Sweden and the UKIn figure 1 we attempt to compare IKEA in China, Sweden and UK. For comparison there is also a more general picture of IKEA in the world. The comparison is done for the four different dimensions of retailer marketing strategies that we have investigated. As the comparison is done on a general level it lacks detail but is even so considered to give a good overall picture of how the different countries relate to each other on the different dimensions.Summary and conclusionsIn the case of China it is clear that IKEA have had to adjust and work harder with some its basic principles than on other markets around the world (maybe Eastern Europe and Russia being the exception), certainly than in Sweden and the UK. Low prices are one of the cornerstones of the IKEA concept. In China IKEA have had to drop some of its basic principles centralised sourcing and supply chain to be able to develop its business in China. Prices were too high and are coming down in a rate the demonstrate how wrong the prices were for the Chinese market to start with. Also in the case of location and communication (advertising and promotion) we can see adjustments to the characteristics of the Chinese market that are larger than on other markets. Here the special situation in the UK with retail planning laws have forced IKEA to inaugurate and adjust its basic store placement and format to fit regulations in those markets.Here it also seems like Sweden is following with plans to set up new stores (sometimes) in a different way. The adjustments to local humour and preferences is clear when it comes to advertisements, where the approach in China seems softer and less provocative than is the case for Sweden and the UK, but in relative terms it may be as provocative. Sweden is a special case as IKEA has been present there for so long, leading to within a standardised number of communication communication that builds on peoples familiarity with the brand. The selling environment and service levels have not been changed in China, Sweden and the UK compared to other places to a large extent. It seems like innovation to fit the Chinese consumer offering home delivery, assembling service etc was invented here from necessity and then spread to other markets like Sweden and the UK.From IKEAs perspective, China has been a real trial of the business concept. To some extent the jury is still out on whether or not it is a success but from IKEAs point of view the worst part of the China experience is over. IKEA have learnt many things in China and many of these lessons will be useful in other markets around the world. One lesson for IKEA according to senior managers at IKEA is the fact that it has not been able in order to succeed on the Chinese market to stiffly cling to the marketingstrategies that on other markets have meant success and meant working towards the 19business concept. While keeping tight some areas assortment, brand name, overall communication, store concept etc IKEA has been able (and forced to) adjust some other parts to be relevant on the market. Without adjusting prices radically and changing sourcing and changing main communication (not catalogue), it might have been another story. From IKEAs point of view the lesson might also have been that it is not critical that it can not achieve the same results with the same tools on all markets. Adjustments have to be made on alien markets like the Chinese. But as the Chinese market experience shows adjustments can be made and still be true to the overall business concept (as some of important pillars of the IKEA concept have not been changes, just the ways of achieving them).While IKEA in China is about introducing a business concept that is to some parts at least different to what customers are used, IKEA in Sweden and the UK have different situations. Swedes have 50 years of experience of the IKEA concept and the risk is always that it gets boring and something that is seen as old-fashioned, if the innovativeness is not appeased. And that innovativeness is something that for a standardised retailer needs to be found within the b usiness concept somehow. Brits have 20 years of experience of IKEA so the challenge is also here to continue to be innovative while being more and more of the establishment so to speak. However, in the UK there is still much less penetration of the concept than in Sweden so the marketing strategy work is somewhat different.From a general retail standardisation and adaptation point of view, the IKEA case shows that it is possible to work a fairly standardised concept also on markets that are very different from the ones were the business concept have originated from. However, the case also shows that there are limits to how far you can go in standardisation. In the IKEA case it is clear that to some extent they need to adapt in order to be true to their business concept. This also means that it may be more interesting to focus on whether or not companies are true to their business concept than if the are using the samemarketing strategies all over the world. It is the business concep t that is exported and in order for that to be the same all over the world, marketing strategies sometimes need to be adopted rather than standardised.

Friday, May 24, 2019

Why Courage Matters

McCain mean by saying that without courage all virtue Is fragile? It means that If we lack courage to resist on to our beliefs In the moment of testing, no just when everybody agrees with our opinion but also when they go against opposition, then our beliefs are superficial and weak and add null to our self respect for our virtues. Explain the concept of moral courage using an example. Is it different from physical courage?Moral courage Is the ability to act justifiedly In the face of popular opposition, shame, scandal, or discouragement. This is the courage many raft face on an everyday basis, always doing what Is right regardless of the consequences faced. Most people have a hard time doing the right thing when doing the opposite Is easier matter how hard It Is, and regardless of being Judged. This Is mostly because of human nature to economic aid for their selves before others. For example, a group of guys walk down the street and watch a mans wallet fall from his pocket.The right thing to do is pick it up and return it back to the man. Because, there are a group of guys the better option is to walk away with the wallet. Therefore, your moral courage is questioned. All it takes is one psyche taking a stand for doing the right thing. Physical courage is familiar to many people is courage in the face of physical pain, hardship, death, or curse of death. For example, when a building is caught on fire, people call the fire department. Firefighters run Inside that building regarding their fatty to help and protect the people trapped Inside.Regardless of the attitude they make sure the people are safe, and sometimes losing their lives to save a stranger. Putting their lives on the line, not to overpower or harm others, but to lot and protect them. In these pull throughs they deserve much respect for their hard work and dedication to serving others. What does McCain mean by doing ones nearest duty? Does the fact that McCain is a high-profile pol add an e lement to that idea? Explain why or why not?It means that we should always strive to comply with our responsibilities and duties in every construction of life. For five years, McCain was a POP in Vietnam. At one point he was offered his freedom but chose to stay behind with his fellow soldiers. That decision resulted In torture by his captors. Evaluate Moccasins decision In terms of physical and moral courage, and the concept of ones nearest duty. resulted on more physical pain and torture. This action shows and represents mental courage and a sense of responsibility towards his personal duties.

Thursday, May 23, 2019

Philosophy Essay

1. How do philosophic interrogative sentences differ from scientific or existent questions? Philosophy specializes in questions that screwnot be break uped scientifically, primary(prenominal)ly because there atomic number 18 not elements of the question that can be bank billd or tested empirically. Philosophy questions things and the answers are sought to be more(prenominal) opinionated and based on certain points of view. Philosophy focuses on questions similar to how does this work. A philosophical question that is beneficial is anything that has to do with life, death, or the universe.Philosophical questions do not possess definite answers, and they do not require measurements. For instance, a question could read, What makes a great dad? One person may answer the question saying, qualities that make a great dad would include spending unitary on one time with the child, eternally atcourseing school functions and events, and always making time for the children. While t his answer could be true for that several(prenominal) another individual could answer the question saying, a great dad is one who provides all necessities for the family with financial stability, and actions that prove he cares.Both of these answers can possess the capability of being correct because the question is based on in the flesh(predicate) opinions and there is no definite way to define this. The science address attempts to answer all the questions that it can empirically, but this is roundtimes not possible. The reason some of the times it is not possible is because the questions increase over time and with the advances in technology. As technology expands the more questions that it rises to science and the more questions that are left without a scientific answer. The specific feature of science is to measure and weigh everything.Factual is evidence in themselves and are therefore prepareed. Philosophy and science have lots in common. Many of the greatest philosopher s were also scientists, or possess the quality to be categorized as one in his or her time period. Philosophers approach questions similarly to the way scientists do with his or her critical thinking. Scientists formulate theories and wherefore test them against what they can observe or reason. Scientific questions implies that an individual is inquiring roughly the world nearly him or her and expecting precise answers.A scientific question possesses an independent variable and a dependent variable in it. A factual question is a question about a fact, where did this event happen? is factual because it is request for facts. But a scientific or factual question are ones that possess the ability to be answered through verification which will produce some showcases of definite answers that are measurable and concrete proof. An example of this type of question would include, how tall is sally? The answer that an individual comes up with will be accurate because he or she takes the scientific measurements to answer the question to give speculations.However, speculations could occur while answering how tall Sally is because one could say well is that Sallys accurate height, because when an individual first awakens they are taller than they are in the evening. When an individual first awaken his or her body has had time to relax and stretch out for the evening sleep, and if measurements were taken during the day or at night the body has not maintained the ability to stretch out causing the individual to be shorter. Personally the way around this would be to measure Sally three times once in the morning, the middle of the afternoon, and final examly in the evening.2. How did the approaches to philosophical inquiry progress from the Pre-Socratics to Socrates, Plato, and finally to Aristotle? How do these changing approaches smooth cultural shapes that affected the philosophers of ancient Greece? The philosophical inquiry process during the pre-Socrates era was based mainly on metaphysics which asks what the nature of being is. The Socrates era began to question viewpoints that began asking and answering questions to stimulate an individuals critical thinking and in go illuminating ideas, this began to form a debate and inquiry between individuals opposing this view.The dialectical mode is a process that the Socrates began and involves oppositional discussions. This method involves oppositional discussions that defend one point of view against another point of view. One individual may lead others to contract his or her point of view in turn strengthening the inquirers view point. Plato began to challenge the paradox dialectical method of education upon examining it, if one knows nothing, then how will one come to recognize association when he or she encounters it? The Socrates of Plato came to a antithetic conclusion.The Socrates began to use a slave boy and demonstrate through geometry lessons that every individual acquires even th e smallest amount of knowledge, and the knowledge serves as a window into the individuals eternal and omniscient soul. By communicating with the slave the teacher could contest the students false opinions until he came to a true opinion that withstood severities of critical examination. Although the individuals soul is the warehouse of the knowledge each individual must learn how to access the knowledge and recall it.Plato began to dwindle from the Sophists by Plato distanced himself further from Sophists by separating knowledge from opinions. The scientific method came around after the introduction from Aristotle. The scientific method is the development and explanation of rules for scientific investigation and reasoning that is not clear-cut. The scientific method is a hot publication for many severe and frequent debates throughout the sciences history. Many of the natural philosophers and scientists argue for the primary of a single approach that will establish scientific knowle dge.Many debates that surround the scientific method is centered on rationalism. Empiricism is the main component of scientific tradition according to Aristotle. Aristotle felt that individual can gain the knowledge of universal truth through particular things such as induction. In some measures Aristotle brings together abstract thought with observations. Aristotelian science is not empirical in form, and many individuals commonly mistake this implication. Aristotle denies that individuals develop knowledge through induction and possesses the ability to be considered scientific knowledge.The main preliminary to scientific business enquiry is induction, this provides the preliminary grounds for scientific demonstrations. The main job of philosophers was to examine and discover the truths causes and to demonstrate universal truths. Even though induction was satisfactory for discovering universals by simplification, it lacked the ability to successfully identify the causes. Aristotle sought after identifying the causes and began using deductive reasoning in the form of syllogisms.Using the syllogisms, scientists possessed the capability of inferring new universal truths from ones that have previously been established by other philosophers. Personally upon learning about these different philosophers. I think the different inquiry processes empowered each philosopher to think out of the realm of normality and not except the norm which enabled Greece and even other cultures to answer questions and in turn gain more knowledge.3. How are philosophical opinions confirm? Epistemology contains the theory of justification and struggles to nderstand justifications of proposals and beliefs. Philosophical opinions are justified because of epistemology, which is associated to philosophies including justification, beliefs, and truths. Epistemology deals with the means of the production of knowledge. According to Plato, justification is the final component of knowledge and without it individuals only have a true opinion. Belief is a state of mind on which an individual can often mercurial and liable to change. Justification is the factual rationalization of true opinions, reality is the thing that grounds it (Baker, 2013).Justification based theories of knowledge are categorized into two subsections, chimericalism and panrationalism. Irrationalism is something that draws to irrational principles and authorities, including an individuals feelings. Panrationalism is rational criteria and principles including reasoning and observation. I believe that philosophical opinions are justified in various ways. Philosophical opinions not necessarily justified but are guided by personal experiences and religious beliefs.When beliefs are justified there is always a justifier or something that justifies the belief. Different things can be justifiers for example the following three items are suggested, the first is solely beliefs, beliefs that are together with ot her cognizant psychical states, and finally beliefs, cognizant mental states, and other realities about individuals and his or her surrounding and the environment, which individuals may or may not possess the access to. As with every philosophical ideas there is reflection following the theory of justification.Held by critical rationalists W. W.Bartley, David Miller, and Karl Popper, non-justificational criticism is the major opposition that is against this theory. Criticism to the justificationism is trying to prove that the claims lack the ability to be reduced to the influence or criteria that it influences appeals to, it states that justification is a primary claim and the claim itself is secondary. Nonjustificational criticism strives to attack the claims themselves. The first being guided by personal experience is because individuals tend to associate his or her philosophy on the basis of experiences they have encountered.An example that one can contribute to this is old pol icies that an individual has seen work effectively and as a result an opinion or philosophy is developed believing that it is the only way or best way because it worked for the individual. Another way philosophical opinions are justified is through religious orientation and is believed to be the most significant majority of the time. From birth individuals are drilled about right and unconventional according to his or her religious views. Religious orientation affects an individual in all philosophical areas.Some include what to eat, creation and what is acceptable or not and because it is based on faith instead of facts, religion really shapes and individuals life because it effects ones choices in life. I think that justifying an individuals ethical and object lesson beliefs is unnecessary, I think that individuals are entitled to believe and have certain opinions on what they choose. If these individuals try to justify his or her moral beliefs then they are clarify an issue an d answering a question.

Wednesday, May 22, 2019

African American Musuem Essay

The African Museum in Philadelphia is notable as the first museum funded and built by a municipality to help preserve, interpret and exhibit the heritage of African Americans. Opened during the 1976 Bicentennial celebrations, the AAMP is located in historic Philadelphia, a few blocks away from the Liberty Bell. Charles H. Wesley was a noted African American historian, educator, and author. He was the ordinal African American to receive a Ph. D. from Harvard University. An ordained minister, Wesleys distinguished career included 40 years of leadership with the African Methodist overblown Church.In 1976, he served as Director of the Afro-American Historical and Cultural Museum in Philadelphia, now known as the African American Museum in Philadelphia. Programs The African American Museum that is located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania has some interesting education programs. These education programs focus on arts, culture, and heritage education. They place a major dialect on the intere sts of the students, educators, artists, historians, scholars, and community organizations. These programs offer diversity with scheduling. The programs explore various African forms of cultural expressions.In these programs there are literary performances, hands on demonstrations, workshops, and storytelling performances as well. The African American Museum in Philadelphia feels its programs can be a vital link between the permanent and visiting collections for the many communities they serve. Exhibitions The exhibitions in the African American Museum in Philadelphia can some to be pleasing to the eye and stimulating to the mind. According to the African American Museum of Philadelphia these exhibitions invoke a deep collection of sensation ranging from pride and passion to excitement and enthusiasm.When visitors enter the museum they will come to heading 1, which includes a interactive timeline, images draw from historical record, that spans 100 years of history. In Gallery 2 the re are full size video projections in which visitors can in engage in them. Once they are activated, a soliloquy about life in Philadelphia will begin. Some other aspects of the exhibit include an experience where you can walk the streets of Philadelphia through a large surmount map, which is located between galleries 1 and 2 .